1.Shapely - Open source GIS library

Shapely is a Python toolkit for operating and analyzing geometric objects in the Cartesian plane. It is based on widely used GEOS and JTS libraries, which can be used for GIS analysis.

• Official user manual
• Chinese version of the user manual
• Query such as projection operation

2.Pysal - Spatial Metrology Library

Pysal is an open source cross-platform library for geospatial data science. The focus is on geospatial vector data written in python, it supports the development of advanced spatial analysis applications, such as:

• Detection of spatial clusters, hotspots and outliers
• Building Drawings from Spatial Data
• Spatial regression and statistical modeling of geographic embedded networks
• Spatial Econometrics
• Exploratory spatio-temporal data analysis

and other references:

• Official Handbook
• A Survey of Spatial Metrology
• A Summary of Spatial Metrology

3.Geopandas - Spatial data Analysis Library

Geopandas can work with geospatial data more easily under Python. GeoPandas extends the data types of pandas to allow spatial manipulation on geometry types. Geometry operations are performed by shapely. GeoPandas further relies on fiona for file access and descartes, matplotlib for plotting.

• Official document
• Chinese translation

4.Arcpy - Arcgis python interface

ArcPy is a Python site package that provides a practical and efficient way to perform geographic data analysis, data transformation, data management, and map automation in Python.

The package provides a rich and pure Python experience with code completion (enter a keyword, and dot to get a pop-up list of properties and methods supported by that keyword; Select a property or method to insert it) and reference documentation is provided for each function, module, and class.

• Tutorial address

5.Arcgis API for python

• Official tutorial

6.Geoplot - High level Geographic data Visualization Interface

Geoplot is an advanced Python geospatial plotting library. This is a library that extends the functionality of Cartopy and Matplotlib to make mapping simple: like Seaborn Geospatial Edition. It has the following features:

• Advanced Mapping API: Geoplot is cartographic plotting for 90% of use cases, all standard carrier maps that you may have seen in geography textbooks are easily accessible.
• Native projection support: The most basic property of geospatial mapping is projection: how to unfold the sphere in the correct way onto a flat surface (map) depends on what is being depicted. Geoplot provides these options.
• Compatible with matplotlib: While matplotlib is not suitable for working directly with geospatial data, the tool combines this format well, install with conda install geoplot -c conda-forge.

Reference as follows :

• Document